Since 680, the First Bulgarian Empire was a significant political entity in the Balkans, challenging even the Roman Empire for power. After its “Golden Age” under tsar Symeon (893–927), and relative peace under his son Peter (927–969), in 971 Bulgarian…

Propast rimske uprave i civilizacije na području današnje Velike Britanije u burnom razdoblju kraja staroga i početka srednjeg vijeka zauvijek je promijenila demografsku strukturu najvećega europskog otoka i odredila daljnji tijek njegove povijesti. Dok je predrimsko starosjedilačko keltsko stanovništvo potisnuto…

Banu Ziri, part of the Talkata branch of the Sanhadja (Ṣanhājah) Berber group, were one of the tribal allies of the Fatimids, whose power base at the time was in Ifriqiya (Ifrīqīyah) (Tunisia and eastern Algeria), against the Umayyad Caliphs…

Francusku u ovom razdoblju zahvaćaju razni problemi koji su utjecali na daljnji razvoj i uspon zemlje. Krajnji dio zapadne Europe kroz  9. i 10. stoljeće nekoliko je puta bio na udaru velikih valova migracija euroazijskih naroda: od muslimanskih valova s…

The political history of medieval Norway is mostly characterized by Viking raids and expansions, the struggle to unite the land under one ruler and the process of christianization, which joined Norway into the family of European kingdoms (Bagge 2014, 27).…

The Cumans were a nomadic people of Turkic origin and the last of the steppe peoples that migrated from Central Asia to Europe before the Mongol invasion. We can include their westward journey in the same wave of nomadic raids…

The Pechenegs are one of the many steppe peoples who have lived in the Euro-Asiatic steppes through history. By the end of the 9th century, they occupied areas east of the River Volga and north of the Caspian and the…